佛系程序员_ 佛教史话：中国佛教八宗史话之唯识三性三无性说

法相唯识

发布日期: 2024-08-17 01:20:12

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原文網址：https://kknews.cc/fo/vn882y2.html

<p style="border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;">中国佛教八宗史话之唯识宗 三性三无性说：<p style="border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); text-indent: 2em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">唯识宗主张宇宙人生皆是唯识所显现，但人们由于不能正确认识反而执著为客观世界是真实的存在，从而影响和左右着我们众生的思想行为造作。为了能够照实的说明宇宙人生的真理，事物的真实现象和物质的实际本质，唯识宗建立了“三性三无性”说。此三性又称为三自性，即遍计所执性、依他起性与圆成实性。在唯识认为一切法皆以三自性而建立，言遍计所执性者，是指普遍计较所执著的诸法自性，这是指明人们日常的生活所认识的一切现象，皆是虚妄分别所引起的一种认识错觉；言依他起性者，是指依缘起和合所生的事物现象界，这是指我们众生所认识的日常生活中的真实现象；言圆成实性者，是指圆满成就真实的诸法自性，这是指物质事物的本质实体，也就是指诸法实相之真理。在《摄在乘论》中用“绳”作三性的比喻，绳是由麻和人工等众因缘和合而成，比喻依他起性；绳的实质是麻，比喻圆成实性；人们不知是绳而误认为是蛇，比喻遍计所执性。<p style="border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); text-indent: 2em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">(1)遍计所执性：遍计为“周遍计度”义。所执是指对象。是指凡夫对一切事物的虚妄分别所执著的现象，，也是一切语言所表达的现象。由于众生不能对因缘所生诸法，见到其本然的真相，而浮起主观的、虚妄的揣度，加上我法的妄执所现的对象，本来是阿赖耶识所变现的事物，皆为所缘缘而于末那识生起自相，而众生却执为实有外境。此遍计所执性只在凡情上是有，而于真如实理上是实所无。此虽是情有理无，却能薰习引生依他起性，凡夫以此建立语言文字，我法二见也由此而生。我们学佛就是要明白遍计所执性是虚妄分别，使人们能够正确认识事物的本质，断除对日常生活中所现见的现象界，体悟到诸法实相之自性。<p style="border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); text-indent: 2em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">(2)依他起性：“他”，是指因缘而言，指由各种因缘所生起之法，是说一切事物皆是由于种子遇缘而生起的现行现象。也就是说一切有为法都是依因缘而现起的。既是依因缘和合而存在，所以非固定的实有，而是如幻假有的法。依他起有染分与净分的不同，染分是以虚妄分别为缘所生起的有漏杂染之法，净分是以圣道所生起的无漏清净之法。我们修学佛法也就是要经过努力修道而断除此染分依他，转成为清净的净分依他。既然依他起性有染净之分，说明是因缘和合所成，依他而起无有实体，所以也是假有而实无。<p style="border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); text-indent: 2em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">(3)圆成实性：圆为圆满，成为成就，实为真实义。指遍满一切处而无缺减，其体不生不灭而无变异，且真实而不虚谬，为一切诸法实体实性的真如法性。是由人空、法空所显现的圆满成就的诸法实性，也就是所说的诸法平等的真如性。这种自性是周遍的、常住的、真实的，却无相可得。<p style="border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); text-indent: 2em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">以上三性具有不即不离之关系。若以蛇、绳、麻三物为喻，则愚人（能遍计）于黑夜中见绳，信以为真蛇（实我相之遍计所执性），遂心生恐怖；后经觉者（佛、菩萨）教示，而知非蛇（生空），仅为似蛇之绳（指依他起性之假有）。且更进一步了解实际所执着之绳（实法相之遍计所执性）亦不具实体之意义（法空），其本质为麻（圆成实性）；绳（依他起性）仅为因缘假合，由麻而成之形态。所以说此遍计所执性的生起，是由于不了解依他起性的假有而生起的妄执，而依他起性的生起，是依圆成实性而生起。因为依他起性是实无，但由于遍计所执性执为实有，正因为通过修行体圆成实性无相，所以也就认识到依他起性是实无。所以三自性是相等而立，是非即非离之假名而有。<p style="border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); text-indent: 2em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">所言三无性者，是指断除三性而所证悟的三性是实无，所以名为三无性。即相无性、生无性、胜义无性。言相无性者，是针对遍计所执性而立。凡夫以虚妄分别因缘所生的事物而有人相、法相便为实有，这便是遍计所执性，如误认绳为蛇；如果当认识这只是蛇之相而非实蛇时，这即便是相无性。言生无性者，是针对依他起性而立。万法乃从众缘而生，为虚假之存在（缘生），故其性质不定。而不若佛教以外之学派或凡夫认为是自然生，故亦无如彼等所执之体性，例如幻化之事物。胜义无性者，是针对圆成实性而立。真如乃根本无分别智之对象（殊胜之真理），故虽为一切物质所存在之真实本质，却不受任何特定之性质所规定，已经脱离我执、法执，犹如虚空一般虽然无处不在，但却没有任何一种固定的形式和相状局限。<p style="border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); text-indent: 2em;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;">由以上三性三无性之说，而立‘非有非空’之中道，即三性具有不即不离之关系，其中遍计所执性是情有理无，依他起性、圆成实性是理有情无，故合三性而明中道，此中道是对三性而言的相对之中道。又观三性之存在为唯识无境，称为唯识三性观，即遍计所执性为虚妄之唯识性，圆成实性则为真实之唯识性；依他起性为世俗之唯识性，圆成实性则为胜义之唯识性。 原文網址：<a href="https://kknews.cc/fo/vn882y2.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Open Sans&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size-adjust: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);">https://kknews.cc/fo/vn882y2.html</a>

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